Senin, 10 Juni 2013

Sejarah Pesawat Tempur

Sejarah Pesawat Tempur – 1940an

Pesawat tempur adalah pesawat militer yang dirancang untuk menyerang pesawat lain di udara. Berbeda dengan pesawat pengebom, yang dirancang untuk menyerang target di permukaan. Pesawat tempur relatif lebih kecil, cepat, dan lincah. Pesawat tempur awalnya dikembangkan pada Perang Dunia I, untuk menghadapi pesawat pengebom dan balon udara yang mulai lazim digunakan untuk melakukan serangan darat dan pengintaian. Pesawat tempur pertama awalnya berupa pesawat sayap ganda kayu yang diberi senapan mesin ringan. Pada Perang Dunia II, pesawat tempur lebih banyak dibuat dari logam, bersayap tunggal, dan menggunakan senapan mesin yang tertanam pada sayap. Setelah Perang Dunia II, mesin turbojet mulai menggantikan mesin piston, dan peluru kendali mulai digunakan untuk menggantikan senapan mesin sebagai senjata utama.
Klasifikasi pesawat tempur dibuat berdasarkan generasi. Penggunaan generasi ini awalnya digunakan petinggi pertahanan di Rusia, yang menyebut F-22 Raptor Amerika Serikat sebagai pesawat tempur “generasi kelima”.

1940 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: F4F WildcatConstructor:
Grumman
Armament:
6 machine guns 12.7 mm
2 bombs 45 kg
Length: 8m76 Max Speed: 512 km/h Ceiling: 10600 m
height: 2m81 Weight Max: 3607 kg Range: 2050 km
Span: 11m58 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1941 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: P-40 WarHawkConstructor:
Curtiss
Armament:
2 machine guns 12.7 mm
4 machine guns 7.62 mm
Length: 9m66 Max Speed: 555 km/h Ceiling: 8990 m
height: 3m22 Weight Max: 3655 kg Range: 1287 km
Span: 11m37 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1941 – UNI SOVIET

Name: MiG-3Constructor:
Mikoyan-Gourevitch
Armament:
2*mg 7.62 mm
1*mg 12.7 mm
Length: 8m26 Max Speed: 640 km/h Ceiling: 12000 m
height: 3m50 Weight Max: 3350 kg Range: 1250 km
Span: 10m20 Crew: 1 Engines:1

1942 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: B-24 LiberatorConstructor:
Consolidated
Armament:9-11 * mg 12.7mm
3629 kg payload
Length: 20m22 Max Speed: 488 km/h Ceiling: 9753 m
height: 5m46 Weight Max: 27216 kg Range: 3500 km
Span: 33m52 Crew: 10 Engines: 4

1942 – UNI SOVIET

Name: Yak-9DConstructor:
Yakovlev
Armament:
1 x 20 mm ShVAK cannon
1 * 12.7 mm machine gun
Length: 8m55 Max Speed: 602 km/h Ceiling: 10600 m
height: 3m00 Weight Max: 3120 kg Range: 1360 km
Span: 9m74 Crew: 1 Engines:1

1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: B-17G Flying FortressConstructor:
Boeing
Armament:13 * mg 12.7mm
9453 kg payload
Length: 22m66 Max Speed: 462 km/h Ceiling: 10850 m
height: 5m82 Weight Max: 29710 kg Range: 3160 km
Span: 31m62 Crew: 12 Engines: 4

1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: B-25J MitchellConstructor:
North American
Armament:13 * mg 12.7mm
1800 kg payload
Length: 16m13 Max Speed: 438 km/h Ceiling: 7375 m
height: 4m98 Weight Max: 15876 kg Range: 2170 km
Span: 20m60 Crew: 6 Engines: 2

1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: B-29A SuperfortressConstructor:
Boeing
Armament:
1*g 20mm
12 * mg 12.7mm
9072 kg payload
Length: 30m18 Max Speed: 575 km/h Ceiling: 9710 m
height: 9m02 Weight Max: 56245 kg Range: 5230 km
Span: 43m05 Crew: 10 Engines: 4

1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: P-38J LightningConstructor:
Lockheed
Armament:
1*g 20 mm
4 mg 12.7 mm
2 bombs 726 kg
Length: 11m53 Max Speed: 666 km/h Ceiling:
height: 3m91 Weight Max: 9806 kg Range: 3025 km
Span: 18m85 Crew: 1 Engines: 2

1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: P-47D ThunderboltConstructor:
Republic
Armament:8 mg 12.7 mm
1135 kg
Length: 10m99 Max Speed: 687 km/h Ceiling: 12800 m
height: 4m44 Weight Max: 7900 kg Range: 2900 km
Span: 12m42 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1943 – ITALIA

Name: Macchi M.C. 205 VeltroConstructor:
Macchi Castoldi
Armament:2 mg 12.7 mm
2*cannon 20 mm
Length: 8m85 Max Speed: 650 km/h Ceiling: 11350 m
height: 3m04 Weight Max: 3408 kg Range: 1040 km
Span: 10m58 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: F4U-1A CorsairConstructor:
Vought
Armament:6 mg 12.7 mm
2 bombs 450 kg
Length: 10m16 Max Speed: 671 km/h Ceiling: 11245 m
height: 4m90 Weight Max: 6350 kg Range: 1640 km
Span: 12m50 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1943 -INGGRIS

Name: Mosquito FB Mk-VIConstructor:
de Haviland
Armament:
4*g 20mm
4 mg 7.7 mm
905 kg payload
Length: 12m47 Max Speed: 611 km/h Ceiling: 11000 m
height: 4m65 Weight Max: 10115 kg Range: 1940 km
Span: 16m51 Crew: 2 Engines: 2

1944 -INGGRIS

Name: Spitfire Mk XIVConstructor:
Supermarine
Armament:
2 cannons 20 mm
4 machine gun 7.7mm
Length: 9m96 Max Speed: 721 km/h Ceiling: 13560 m
height: 3m86 Weight Max: 3856 kg Range: 1368 km
Span: 11m23 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1944 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: P-51D MustangConstructor:
North American
Armament:
6 mg 12.7 mm
2 bombs 454 kg
Length: 9m83 Max Speed: 703 km/h Ceiling: 12800 m
height: 4m16 Weight Max: 5493 kg Range: 3350 km
Span: 11m28 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1944 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: F6F-5 HellcatConstructor:
Grumman
Armament:
6 machine guns 12.7 mm
1814 kg payload
Length: 10m24 Max Speed: 611 km/h Ceiling: 11400 m
height: 4m11 Weight Max: 6991 kg Range: 2100 km
Span: 13m06 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1944 – JERMAN

Name: Messerschmitt Me262Constructor:
Messerschmitt
Armament:
4 * gun 30mm
Length: 10m60 Max Speed: 870 km/h Ceiling: 11450 m
height: 3m84 Weight Max: 6400 kg Range: 1050 km
Span: 12m48 Crew: 1 Engines: 2

1944 – JERMAN

Name: FW 190DConstructor:
Focke Wulf
Armament:
2*mg 13mm
2*g 20mm
500 kg payload
Length: 10m20 Max Speed: 685 km/h Ceiling: 12000 m
height: 3m35 Weight Max: 4840 kg Range: 835 km
Span: 10m50 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1944 – JERMAN

Name: Me-163 KometConstructor:
Messerschmitt
Armament:
2 * cannon 30mm
Length: 5m84 Max Speed: 960 km/h Ceiling: 12040 m
height: 2m77 Weight Max: 4110 kg Range: 8 min of power
Span: 9m32 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1945 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: F-8F BearcatConstructor:
Grumman
Armament:
6 machine guns 12.7 mm
2 bombs 454 kg
Length: 8m61 Max Speed: 678 km/h Ceiling: 11800 m
height: 4m22 Weight Max: 5873 kg Range: 3160 km
Span: 10m62 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1945 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: P-80 Shooting StarConstructor:
Lockheed
Armament:6 mg 12.7 mm
2*bomb 454 kg
Length: 10m49 Max Speed: 967 km/h Ceiling: 14265 m
height: 3m43 Weight Max: 7646 kg Range: 1328 km
Span: 11m81 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1946 -INGGRIS

Name: Vampire FB Mk.6Constructor:
de Haviland
Armament:
4*g 20mm
907 kg payload
Length: 9m37 Max Speed: 882 km/h Ceiling: 13045 m
height: 2m69 Weight Max: 5620 kg Range: 1960 km
Span: 11m58 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1947 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: A-1H SkyraiderConstructor:
Douglas
Armament:
4*g 20 mm
3630 kg payload
Length: 11m84 Max Speed: 518 km/h Ceiling: 8685 m
Height: 4m78 Weight Max: 11340 kg Range: 2126 km
Span: 15m25 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1948 – UNI SOVIET

Name: MiG-15 FagotConstructor:
Mikoyan-Gourevitch
Armament:
1*g 37mm
2*g 23mm
b500 kg
Length: 10m86 Max Speed: 1075 km/h Ceiling: 15500 m
height: 3m70 Weight Max: 6045 kg Range: 1860 km
Span: 10m08 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1948 – AMERIKA SERIKAT

Name: F-86A SabreConstructor:
North American
Armament:
6 mg 12.7 mm
2 bombs 454 kg
Length: 11m43 Max Speed: 1089 km/h Ceiling: 14630 m
height: 4m50 Weight Max: 7359 kg Range: 2050 km
Span: 11m31 Crew: 1 Engines: 1

1949 -INGGRIS

Name: Gloster Meteor F Mk.8Constructor:
Gloster / Armstrong Whitworth
Armament:
4*g 20mm
Length: 13m59 Max Speed: 962 km/h Ceiling: 13400 m
height: 3m96 Weight Max: 7122 kg Range: 965 km
Span: 11m32 Crew: 1 Engines: 2

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